IZiko eliSiseko
Yabelana ngeli phepha



THE

IWORD

Vol. 20 DISEMBA 1914 3

Ilungelo lokushicilela ngo-1914 ngu-HW PERCIVAL

IZIXHOBO

(Iyaqhutywa)
Iingcinga zemimoya yaBantu abafileyo

KWAKUTHETHWA ngantoni na iziporho zamadoda aphilayo (Ilizwi, Umqulu. 18, iNombolo yesi-3 kwaye 4) malunga nokudalwa kwabo, inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwabo, kunye nomcimbi wokuqulunqwa kwabo, umbandela wehlabathi lengqondo, ekuyinyani kubo ngeziporho zokucinga zabantu abafileyo. Phantse zonke iziporho zokucinga ziziporho zokucinga ezidalwe ngamadoda ngelixa amadoda esaphila kwimizimba yawo yenyama; kodwa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo ingqondo, xa imkile emzimbeni wayo wenyama, inokuthi phantsi kweemeko ezizodwa yenze umoya omtsha wokucinga.

Kukho izinto ezintathu ezahlukeneyo umahluko phakathi kweminqweno yabantu abafileyo kunye neziporho zokucinga zabantu abafileyo. Okokuqala, umnqweno wokuphulukana nabantu abafileyo udalwe emva kokuba umntu efile, kanti iingcinga zokuphulukana nabantu abafileyo zadalwa ngexesha lobomi, kwaye ziqhubeke zikho kwihlabathi lengqondo kwasemva kokubhubha komzimba wenyama lomntu owenze isiporho. Okwesibini, umnqweno wesiporho somntu ofileyo ufuna kwaye uchaphazela nomzimba womntu ophilayo, kwaye ukondliwa ngeminqweno yendoda ephilayo, eyomeleleyo, inkanuko, kwaye ihlala ingekho ngokwemvelo; kanti, ingcinga yomntu ofileyo ayichaphazeli umzimba, kodwa ingqondo yomntu omnye, kwaye zihlala zengqondo zabantu abaninzi abaphilayo. Okwesithathu, umnqweno wesiporho somntu ofileyo sisidemon esithembekileyo, esingenasazela kwaye ngaphandle kokuziphatha, kwaye siyingxaki eqhubekayo yokuzingca, ubusela, inkohliso, kunye nenkanuko; kanti, isiporho somntu ofileyo ikwanguloo moya wawukho ngexesha lokuphila kwendoda, kodwa le ndoda ayiniki mandla okuqhubeka kwesiporho. Iingcinga zamadoda afileyo azinabungozi xa uthelekisa neminqweno yabantu abafileyo.

Izigqoko zokucinga ezishiywe ngabafi zezi zikhankanywe ngasentla (Ilizwi, Umqulu. 18, iNombolo yesi-3 kwaye 4) njengeziporho zokucinga ezingenasimo nanjengeziporho zokucinga ezichazwe ngakumbi okanye ezingaphantsi; phambili, imimoya yengcinga efana nesiporho sentlupheko, isiporho sosizi, isiporho sokuzisizela, isiporho esidakumbileyo, isiporho soloyiko, isiporho sempilo, isiporho sesifo, isiporho esingamampunge; ngokubhekele phaya, iziporho zaveliswa ngokungazi, kwaye ezinje ziveliswa ngenjongo yokufezekisa injongo ethile (Umqulu. 18, iphepha 132 kunye ne-133). Emva koko kukho iziporho zokucinga zosapho, zembeko, ikratshi, usizi, ukufa, kunye nempumelelo yemali yosapho. Emva koko iziporho zokucinga zobuhlanga okanye zelizwe, zenkcubeko, imfazwe, amandla olwandle, ubukoloniyali, ukuthanda izwe, ukwanda komhlaba, urhwebo, imizekelo esemthethweni, iimfundiso zenkolo, kwaye okokugqibela, iingcamango zeminyaka yonke.

Kuya kuqondwa ngokucacileyo ukuba ingcinga ayisosiporho sengcinga. Isiporho sokucinga sendoda efileyo asiyongcinga. Isiporho sokucinga somntu ofileyo sifana neqokobhe, lingenangcinga yantlandlolo ngaye okanye yabo basidalayo. Kukho umahluko phakathi kwesiporho sokucinga sendoda ephilayo kunye nesiporho sokucinga somntu ofileyo, esifana nse phakathi komphefumlo ophilelekayo kunye nesiporho sokwenyama sendoda emva kokuba ifile.

Ngexesha lokuphila kwendoda, isiporho sokucinga siyaphila; emva kokusweleka kwendoda, isiporho sokucinga sifana neqokobhe elingenanto; isebenza ngokungazenzisiyo, ngaphandle kokuba ingcinga yesinye isenzo ngokwempembelelo azifumana kwisiporho. Emva koko uyandisa ubukho besiporho. Indoda ayinakukwazi ukuzifaka kwingcamango yokucinga yendoda efileyo okanye ivumelane nesiporho sokucinga sendoda efileyo kuye kunokuba ibe nako ukwenza lo moya wokufa wenyama ofileyo; kodwa umntu ophilayo unokwenza ngokuhambelana nemibono ayifumanayo kwingcamango yesidumbu yabafi.

Isiporho sokucinga siqhotyoshelwe kwaye sitsala iingqondo zabaphilayo, njengoko isiporho sokwenyama sinokunamatheleka kwaye siwukhathaze umzimba ophilayo, xa loo mzimba ungena phakathi kwempembelelo yawo. Kwimeko yesiporho somzimba, uluhlu lwempembelelo yemagnethi aludluli kwiimitha ezilikhulu. Umgama awubali kwimeko yesiporho sengcinga. Uluhlu lwempembelelo yalo luxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nesihloko sengcinga. Isiporho sengcinga asiyi kungena kuluhlu lwengqondo yendoda esineengcinga ezifanayo nezingafaniyo nesifundo esifanayo.

Ngokubanzi, kuyinyani ukuba iingqondo zamadoda ziphazamiseka ngenxa yobukho beziporho zokucinga. Amadoda akacingi, iingqondo zabo ziyaphazamiseka. Bakholelwa ukuba bacinga, ngelixa iingqondo zabo ziphazamiseka nje.

Ingqondo isondela kwinkqubo yokucinga xa ithe ngqo kwaye ibanjelwe kumxholo wengcinga. Kunqabile kangakanani ukwenza oku kubonakala ukuba imisebenzi yengqondo yakhe okanye yeengqondo zabanye iyavavanywa.

Iingcamango ezijongwe ngabafi ziyimiqobo yokucinga okuzimeleyo; ahlala kwimeko yengqondo yehlabathi kwaye, emva kokuba amandla ebekukho kuwo emkile, angabinamandla obunzima. Ezo ziporho zokucinga zihamba ngokukhethekileyo ngabahlobo kwabo bangenazigqibo zizimeleyo. Abantu behlabathi bagxothwa ziziporho zokucinga ngabafi. Ezi ziporho zeengcinga zichaphazela abantu ngamagama athile kunye namagama. Ezi ziporho zidityaniswa ngokusebenzisa la magama, xa intsingiselo yala magama njengoko esetyenziswa ekuqaleni ayifumaneki. "Inyaniso, intle, nale ilungileyo", ibhekisa kumagama esiGrike asetyenziswa nguPlato ukwenza iingcinga ezintle. Yayingamagama obugcisa namandla. Babenentsingiselo yezobugcisa eyeyabo, neyayisebenza kuloo minyaka. La magama mathathu aqondwa kwaye asetyenziswa ngamadoda aloo xesha awayekulo mgca wengcinga. Kwiintsuku zakudala, xa abantu bengasayiqondi ingcinga yokuba uPlato wanika amagama, amagama ahlala njengamaqokobhe. Xa iguqulelwa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiilwimi zanamhlanje ngabantu abangayiqondiyo ingcinga egqithiselwe ngamagama esiGrike santlandlolo, la magama aphethe nje iziporho zokucinga. Kukho, ewe, semblance yamandla kula magama esiNgesi, kodwa intsingiselo yoqobo ayisekho. Yinyani, intle, kwaye ilungile, kwintsingiselo yanamhlanje, ayinakukwazi ukubeka umntu ovayo ngokuthe ngqo kwiingcinga zikaPlato. Kukwanjalo nakwigama elithi "Uthando lukaPlatoonic", "Unyana woMntu", "iMvana kaThixo", "okuphela kozelweyo koNyana", "Ukukhanya kweLizwe".

Kule mihla ibinzana elithi "umzabalazo wobukho", "Ukusindiswa kweTitest," Ukuzigcina buqu kungumthetho wokuqala wendalo "," abaNtshatsheli boMhla wokugqibela "," INcwadi kaMormoni ", baba ziimoto okanye iimoto. iziporho zokucinga. Azisekho zidluliswa ngala magama adumileyo abonakaliswe ngumsungululi, kodwa amabinzana angenanto yokwambathisa, ukungathobeki kwengqondo.

Isiporho sengcinga sisithintelo ekucingeni. Isiporho sengcinga sisithintelo ekukhuleni kwengqondo kunye nenkqubela phambili. Ukuba isiporho sokucinga sisengqondweni yabantu siyayijija ingcinga yabo kwinto efileyo kunye nekhontrakthi.

Zonke izizwe zingqongwe ziziporho zokucinga zeengcinga zabantu abafileyo, kunye nezigigaba zeengcinga zabantu bezinye izizwe. Xa isiporho sengcinga-engeyiyo ingcinga-sifunyenwe sivela kolunye ilizwe asinakho ukwenza into embi kwabo basamkelayo, nakubantu besizwe; kuba iimfuno zesizwe zibonakaliswa ziingcamango zexesha labo kunye nabantu abathile; kodwa xa oko kuthathwa lolunye ilizwe elinezinye iimfuno okanye zikudala olwahlukileyo, abanye abantu abalithathayo abawuqondi umthetho olawula iimfuno kunye nexesha, kwaye ngenxa yoko abanakho ukusebenzisa isiporho sokucinga, njengoko siphumile yexesha kunye nendawo.

Iingcinga zokufa zabantu abafileyo zingumqobo kwinkqubela phambili kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi ekubambeleleni kwizikolo zesayensi, kumadoda asebenza kwiinkundla zomthetho, nakwabo bagcina inkqubo yenkolo.

Izibakala ezifunyenwe kuphando lwenzululwazi zinezinto ezithile ezixabisekileyo, kwaye kufuneka zibe luncedo ekufumaneni ezinye iinyani. Zonke iinyani njengezinto eziqinisekisiweyo ziyinyani kwindiza zabo. Ithiyori ezinxulumene nezibakala kunye nokuba zibangelwa yintoni kwaye zizinto ezihambelana nazo, azihlali ziyinyani kwaye zinokuba ziziporho zokucinga, ezinika ezinye iingqondo kumgca wophando kwaye zibathintele ekusekeni ezinye iinyani okanye ekuboneni ezinye iinyani. Oku kunokuba kubangelwa ziziporho zokucinga zabantu abaphilayo, kodwa zihlala zibangelwa ziziporho zokucinga zabafi. Ithiyori engacacanga yendaleko sisiporho sokucinga esiye sathintela amadoda ukuba angazazi kakuhle iinyani ezithile, ukuba zivela phi ezi nyaniso, kwaye ngenxa yokubalwa kwezinye izinto ezingadibananga neseti yokuqala yezibakala.

Ufuzo lunokuba yinyani malunga nokwakheka komzimba kunye neempawu zomntu, kodwa ayinyanisekanga kangako kwindalo yengqondo, kwaye ayiyonyani malunga nendalo yengqondo. Iimilo kunye neempawu zomzimba ngokufuthi zidluliselwa ngabazali kubantwana; kodwa imithetho yosulelo iyaziwa kancinci, kangangokuba abantwana abaliqela besibini esingatshatanga abajongwa ngomothuko nokuba abafani ngokupheleleyo ngemizimba, singasathethi ngeemeko zabo zokuziphatha nezengqondo. Ingcinga yesiporho yethiyori yesayensi yofuzo idityaniswe neengcinga zefiziksi, kangangokuba ezi ngcinga kufuneka zihambelane nomoya, kwaye ke iimeko ezinje ngoRembrandt, uNewton, uByron, uMozart, uBeethoven, uCarlyle, uEmerson kunye nezinye iimeko ezimangalisayo. , zishiywe zingabonakali, xa isihlwele esingacingiyo samkela "umthetho welifa". Loo “mthetho wemfuzo” sisiporho sokucinga samadoda afileyo, othintela uphando kunye neengcinga zabaphilayo.

Ukucinga ukuba inzala ayisosidumbu sobomi. Kulungile ukuba iingqondo zabantu ziqwalaselwe yingqondo yelifa; ingcinga isimahla kwaye ayinqingwanga ziingcamango zesiporho; iinyani ezimbalwa ezaziwayo malunga nokukhutshwa kweefom zomzimba kufuneka zigcinwe ziqwalaselwe kwaye ziqwalaselwe; ukucinga kufuneka kujikeleze ezi zibakala kwaye kwenziwe ngokukhululekileyo nangaphantsi kwempembelelo yokubuza. Ke kukho amandla okucinga; iindlela ezintsha zophando ziya kuvulwa kwaye ezinye iinyaniso zisekwe. Xa ingcinga yendalo, ngenxa yophando, isebenza, akufuneki ivunyelwe ukuba iphumle, kwaye ilungiswe yinkcazo "yomthetho welifa".

Xa ingqondo yomntu ihlupheka ukuba igxilwe kwisiporho sengcinga, loo ndoda ayinakubona nto, okanye ifumane nanye ingcinga ngaphandle kwalowo uphakamileyo wengcinga. Ngelixa oku kuyinyani ngokubanzi, akukho ndawo njengelungelo elilodwa lobunikazi kwimeko yamatyala enkundla kunye necawe. Iingcamango zokucinga zabafi zizinto ezixhasa igunya iimfundiso zeecawa kunye nemfundiso engaphambili yomthetho kunye nokuchasana kwayo nezinto zakudala kwiimeko zanamhlanje.

Iingcinga zokuvuka kwabafi zithintela amandla eengcinga ezizimeleyo zokondla ubomi benkolo, nokwenza ubulungisa kwiinkundla zomthetho. Kuphela yolo kholo lonqulo oluvunyelweyo njengoko luxeliswa emva kwento yokuvuka kwabafi. Inkqubo yezobuchwephesha kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokusesikweni kunye nokusetyenziswa ezinkundleni namhlanje, kunye namaziko akudala njengoko elawula ukuthengiselana kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu okuphantsi komthetho oqhelekileyo, bayakhuthazeka kwaye baxhaswe phantsi kwempembelelo yeziphoxo zokucinga zamagqwetha afileyo. Kukho iinguqu eziqhubekayo kwimimandla yenkolo kunye nomthetho, kuba amadoda azabalaza ukuziphelisa iziporho. Kodwa ezi zinto zimbini, iinkolo kunye nomthetho, zizigorha zokucinga, kwaye phantsi kwempembelelo yazo nakuluphi na utshintsho olwenzekayo ngokulandelelana kwezinto ziyachaswa.

Kuhle ukwenza phantsi kweempembelelo zesiporho sokucinga ukuba akukho nto ingcono yokwenza ipatheni emva, kwaye ukuba umntu akanazo iingcinga zakhe. Kodwa abantu okanye abantu, phantsi kweemeko ezintsha, abaneempembelelo ezintsha neengcamango zabo, bafanele ukwala ukukhwelwa ziziporho zabafileyo. Mabaphelise iziporho, baqhume.

Isiporho sengcinga siphulwe ngokubuza ngokunyanisekileyo; hayi ngokuthandabuza, kodwa ndicela umngeni kwigunya lokuma kwesiporho, njengenzululwazi, inkolo kunye neeprotocol zomthetho, iicanons, imigangatho kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ukuqhubeka kombuzo kunye nomzamo wokulandela, ukucacisa, ukuphucula, kuya kudubula ifom kwaye kuchithwe iimpembelelo zesiporho. Uphando luzakuveza imvelaphi, imbali, izizathu zokukhula, kunye nexabiso lokwenyani lazo. Iimfundiso zokucamagushela ngokusondeleyo, ukuxolelwa kwezono, iingcinga ezingekho mthethweni, ubufundisi beCawa yama Katolike, iimfundiso eziqhubekayo zokuziphatha gwenxa ngabagwebi kulawulo-ziya kuphakanyiswa kunye nemimoya yokucinga yabafi.

(Iza kuqhubeka)