IZiko eliSiseko
Yabelana ngeli phepha



THE

IWORD

Vol. 13 APRIL 1911 1

Ilungelo lokushicilela ngo-1911 ngu-HW PERCIVAL

IZITHUNZI

INDLELA engaqondakaliyo nexhaphakileyo ngayo into sisithunzi. Izithunzi ziyasigxibha thina ziintsana kumava ethu okuqala kweli lizwe; Amathunzi ahamba nathi ekuhambeni kwethu ebomini; kwaye izithunzi zikhona xa simka kulo mhlaba. Amava ethu ngamathunzi aqala kamsinya emva kokuba singene kumhlaba wehlabathi kwaye sele siwubonile umhlaba. Nangona kungekudala sikwazile ukuzithemba ukuba siyazazi izithunzi, kodwa bambalwa kuthi abaziphonononge ngokwaneleyo.

Njengeentsana siye salala kwiikhreyithi zethu kwaye sabukela kwaye sizibuza ngemithunzi ephekwe kwisilingi okanye eludongeni ngabantu abahamba kwigumbi. Ezo zithunzi zazingaqhelekanga kwaye ziyimfihlakalo, de sade sayicombulula ingxaki kwiingqondo zethu zabantwana ngokufumanisa ukuba ukuhamba kwesithunzi kwakuxhomekeke kwintshukumo yomntu umfanekiso wayo kunye nesithunzi sayo, okanye ekuhambeni kwesibhakabhaka esenza ukuba kubonakale. Kukwafuna ukujongwa kunye nokuqwalaselwa ukuze kufumaneke ukuba isithunzi sasisikhulu xa sisondele ekukhanyeni kwaye sikude eludongeni, kwaye sasincinci kwaye sincinci xa sisekukhanya kwaye sikufutshane eludongeni. Emva kwexesha, njengabantwana, sanokonwaba ngemivundla, amarhanisi, iibhokhwe, kunye namanye amathunzi abanye babahlobo bethu abavelise ngobuchule bezandla zabo. Ekukhuleni kwethu, besingasavuyeki ngokudlala isithunzi. Amathunzi asamangalisa, kwaye iimfihlakalo ezaziwangqongile ziya kuhlala de sazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithunzi; yintoni amathunzi, kwaye ayintoni.

Izifundo zesithunzi sobuntwana zisifundisa imithetho emibini yemithunzi. Ukuhamba nokutshintsha kwamathunzi emasimini abo kuyahluka ngokukhanya apho kubonwa khona kunye nezinto ezibonisiweyo kunye namathunzi ayo. Izithunzi zikhulu okanye zincinci njengoko abo baziphosayo kukude okanye kufutshane nentsimi apho izithunzi zibonwa khona.

Sisenokuba sele sizilibale ezi zibakala njengoko silibala uninzi lwezifundo ezibalulekileyo zobuntwana; kodwa, ukuba bafundisiwe ngelo xesha, ukubaluleka kwabo nenyaniso iya kusibhenela kwiintsuku ezizayo, xa sizokwazi ukuba amathunzi ethu atshintshile.

Kukho, singathi ngoku, izinto ezine eziyimfuneko ekuphoseni isithunzi: Okokuqala, isixhobo okanye into emi kuyo; okwesibini, ukukhanya, okubonakalayo; okwesithathu, isithunzi; kwaye, okwesine, yintsimi okanye isikrini ekubonakala kuso isithunzi. Oku kubonakala kulula ngokwaneleyo. Xa sixelelwa ukuba isithunzi sisibonakaliso nje esingaphezulu komphandle wayo nayiphi na into ebeka imitha yokukhanya iwele kuloo ndawo, inkcazo ibonakala ilula kwaye iqondakala ngokulula njengokubuza ngokungafuneki. Kodwa ezo nkcazo, nangona ziyinyani, azonelisi ngokupheleleyo iimvakalelo okanye ukuqonda. Isithunzi sineempawu ezithile zomzimba. Isithunzi singaphezulu nje kokubonakala kwento ehambisa ukukhanya. Kuvelisa iziphumo ezithile kwiimvakalelo kwaye kuchaphazela nengqondo ngokungathandekiyo.

Yonke imizimba ebizwa ngokuba yi-opaque iyakwenza ukuba isithunzi siphoswe xa simi phambi komthombo apho ukukhanya kuvela khona; kodwa ubume besithunzi kunye neziphumo eziyivelisayo ziyahluka ngokokukhanya kweprojekti. Amathunzi aphoswe kukukhanya kwelanga kunye neziphumo zawo ahlukile kunamithunzi obangelwa kukukhanya kwenyanga. Ukukhanya kweenkwenkwezi kuvelisa umphumo owahlukileyo. Amathunzi aphoswe sisibane, irhasi, isibane sombane okanye nangawuphi na umthombo wobugcisa obuhlukileyo ngokwendawo zazo, nangona kuphela umahluko obonakalayo ngokubona mkhulu okanye umncinci kumbala wento yento ephezu komphezulu isithunzi siphoselwe.

Akukho nto ebonakalayo i-opaque ngengqondo yokuba ayinakunyanzelwa okanye ithatha ukukhanya konke. Umzimba ngamnye owabelana ngesondo okanye unqumle eminye imitha yokukhanya kwaye ugqithise okanye ubonakale kwezinye iirowu.

Isithunzi asikokungabikho kwesibane kwindawo yokuphuma kwento eyonqulayo. Isithunzi yinto ngokwayo. Isithunzi yinto engaphezulu kwe-silhouette. Isithunzi singaphezulu kokungabikho kokukhanya. Isithunzi kukuqikelela kwento ngokudibeneyo kunye nokukhanya. Isithunzi kukuqikelelwa kwekopi, iqabane, ikabini, okanye isiporho sento eqikelelweyo. Kukho into yesihlanu eyimfuneko ekubangeleni isithunzi. Into yesihlanu ngumthunzi.

Xa sijonga isithunzi sibona umphandle wento eqikelelweyo, kumphezulu ovumela umthunzi. Kodwa asiboni isithunzi. Isithunzi esona sokwenene Isithunzi kukuqikelelwa komthunzi wangaphakathi kunye nolwandiso lomzimba. Ingaphakathi lomzimba alinakubonwa kuba iliso alibonakali kwimitha yokukhanya okuza ngaphakathi komzimba kuze kufake umthunzi wawo. Yonke imithunzi okanye isithunzi esinokubonwa ngamehlo kukuqaqamba kokukhanya kuphela, apho iliso liqondakalayo. Kodwa ukuba umbono ufundisiwe, imboni inokubona okungaphakathi komzimba kuwo onke amalungu ayo ngokusebenzisa umthunzi wayo, kuba ukukhanya okudlula emzimbeni kuchukumisekile kwaye kunekopi ecashileyo yamalungu omzimba kuyadlula. Umphezulu obonakalayo apho isithunzi ubonwa khona, oko kukuthi, obangela ukuba ukukhanya okukuhlobo lomzimba kubonakale, kuye kwagxininisa ikopi yomthunzi, kwaye ichaphazeleka isithunzi Iqondo lokugcina umbono emva kwexesha lomzimba okanye ukukhanya okulahliweyo.

Ukuba umphezulu weplate ubonakalisiwe kwimisebe yokukhanya edlula kwimizimba ebizwa ngokuba yi-opaque kwaye iphosa isithunzi, lo mphezulu ungagcina umbono okanye isithunzi, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu onamehlo aqeqeshiweyo angaboni kuphela ulwandlalo ngomzobo, kodwa ukuchaza nokuhlalutya ingaphakathi lendalo lesithunzi. Iya kuba nako ukufumanisa imeko yomzimba ophilayo ngelo xesha lokuvela kwesithunzi kunye nokuqikelela amazwe okugula okanye impilo ngokutshoyo. Kodwa akukho cwecwe okanye umphezulu ugcina umxholo wesithunzi njengoko ubonwa kukubona okuqhelekileyo komzimba. Oko kubizwa njengesithunzi, ngokwembonakalo yomzimba, kuvelisa iziphumo ezithile, kodwa ezi azibonwa.

(Iza kuqhubeka)