IDEMOCRACY YAYESELWE-URHULUMENTE

UHarold W. Percival

ICANDELO II

YINTONI UMPHEFUMLO?

Kanye njengokuba umphefumlo uyintoni, eneneni, akukho mntu waziyo. Imfundiso yelifa kukuba umphefumlo awufi; kananjalo ukuba umphefumlo owonayo, uyakufa. Kuya kubonakala ngathi enye yezi mfundiso kumele ukuba ayiyonyani, kuba umphefumlo ongafiyo awunakufa ngokwenene.

Imfundiso yokuba umntu ubunjwe ngumzimba, umphefumlo, nomoya. Enye imfundiso kukuba umsebenzi womntu 'kukusindisa' owakhe umphefumlo. Oko kubonakala kungangqinelani kwaye kungekho ngqiqweni, kuba umntu wenziwa ukuba wahluke kwaye unoxanduva lomphefumlo, kwaye umphefumlo wenziwe ukuba uxhomekeke emntwini. Ngaba umntu wenza umphefumlo, okanye ngaba umphefumlo wenza indoda?

Ngaphandle kwento engapheliyo ebizwa ngokuba ngumphefumlo, umntu ebeya kuba sisidenge kwaye angabinangqondo, okanye isidenge. Kuya kubonakala ngathi ukuba umphefumlo awufi, kwaye uyazi, it Ngumntu ofanele ukujongana naye kwaye “asindise” umntu; ukuba umphefumlo awufi kwaye kufanelekile ukusindisa, kufuneka "uzisindise" ngokwawo. Kodwa ukuba ayazi, ayiloxanduva, kwaye ke ayinakuzisindisa.

Kwelinye icala, kusenokubonakala ngathi ukuba umntu wenziwe ngengqondo, umphefumlo wenziwa ukuba ungabinasiphelo, ungeloncedo, kwaye unesiporho okanye isithunzi esingaxhalabisi — ukhathalelo, umthwalo, ukhubazeka, ukubekwa emntwini. Ukanti kuwo wonke umzimba womntu kukho into ethi, ngandlela zonke, engaphezulu kunayo nayiphi na into ebekhe yakhona umphefumlo wabakho.

Umphefumlo Sisigama esingachazekiyo, esingabalulekanga, kunye nesiphambuka esinokufakelwa. Kodwa akukho mntu waziyo ukuba lithetha ntoni eli gama. Ke ngoko, eli gama alizukusetyenziswa apha, ukuchaza into eyaziwayo emntwini ezithetha yona ngokuthi "Ndi." UMenzi Ngaba eli gama lisetyenziswe apha lithetha into eyaziwa ngokucacileyo nengafiyo engena emzimbeni wesilwanyana kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuzalwa nokwenza isilwanyana sibe ngumntu.

UMenzi ngqondo ekrelekrele emzimbeni esebenzisa isixhobo somzimba kwaye esenza umzimba ukuba wenze izinto; kuzisa utshintsho emhlabeni. Kwaye xa ukuhlala kwakhe emzimbeni kuphelile, i-Doer ishiya umzimba ngokugqabhuka kokugqibela. Ke umzimba ufile.

Umphefumlo inokusetyenziswa ekuthetheni nantoni na ngokubanzi, kodwa akukho nto ingakumbi. Ilizwi UMenzi Apha unikwe intsingiselo eqinisekileyo. Apha uDoer uthetha umnqweno-imvakalelo emzimbeni-oyindoda, kunye nemvakalelo-yomnqweno emzimbeni womfazi, namandla okucinga kunye nokuthetha ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomzimba wesilwanyana. Umnqweno kunye neemvakalelo ngamacala asebenzayo angahambelaniyo kunye anokungena kwi-Doer-emzimbeni. Umnqweno usebenzisa igazi njengentsimi yokusebenza kwayo. Ukuziva kuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuzithandela ye-immune. Naphi na apho umntu uphila khona igazi kunye neerve, apho kukho umnqweno-kunye novakalelo-uMenzi.

Imvakalelo ayisiyomvakalelo. Uvavanyo zizimvo ezenziwa kwiimvakalelo emzimbeni womntu, ngeziganeko okanye ngezinto zendalo. Imvakalelo ayichukumisi okanye iqhagamshele; luziva uchukumiso okanye unxibelelwano lwenziwe kuyo ziiyunithi zendalo; iiyunithi zendalo zibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu. Iiyunithi zendalo, elona lincinci lamasuntswana emicimbi, avela kuzo zonke izinto. Ngokusebenzisa amandla okubona, ukuva, ukungcamla kunye nokuvumba, ezi zinto zingena emzimbeni kwaye ziphembelele imvakalelo emzimbeni njengezimvakalelo zolonwabo okanye zentlungu, kunye neemvakalelo zovuyo okanye usizi. Iminqweno esegazini ibuyisa njengemvakalelo ezinobuthathaka okanye ezinobundlobongela kwiimvakalelo ezimnandi okanye ezingathandekiyo ezifunyenwe ngovakalelo. Ke, ngeempembelelo ezivela kwindalo, umnqweno kunye neemvakalelo, uMenzi, wenziwe ukuba aphendule kwindalo, kwaye abe ngumkhonzi oyimfama wendalo, nangona wahlukile kwindalo.

Imvakalelo ichazwe kakubi ngabantu bakudala kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, njengengqondo yesihlanu. Ukuchazwa gwenxa kwemvakalelo njengenye yesihlanu, okanye njengayo nayiphi na ingqiqo, kuye kwaba yinto engenampilo, isimilo esingalunganga, kuba kubangela ukuziva ko-Do-emzimbeni-womzimba ukuze uzimanyanise njengesixhumanisi sesihlanu kwiimvakalelo zokubona ukuva, ukungcamla, ivumba, zonke ezo zezendalo, kwaye, ke, bengazi ukuba zizimvo ezinjalo.

Imvakalelo yinto evakalayo emzimbeni evakalayo, kwaye evakalelwa impembelelo eyenziwe kuyo ziimpawu zokubona, ukuva, ukungcamla, nokuvumba. Ngaphandle kokuziva zikho kwaye azikho iimvakalelo zokubona, ukuva, ukungcamla kunye nephunga. Oku kungqinwa yinyaniso yokuba xa uziva uthatha umhlalaphantsi kwinkqubo yovalo ukuba ulale kakhulu, okanye xa imvakalelo igcinwe ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-anesthetics, akukho kubona, akukho ndlebe, akukho kungcamla, akukho phunga.

Inzwa nganye kwezi zine ine-nerve ekhethekileyo yokuyidibanisa nenkqubo yokuziva ngokuzithandela, ekuyo imvakalelo ikuyo. Ukuba imvakalelo yayiyinto yayiza kuba nesitho esikhethekileyo, kunye nerve ekhethekileyo yokuziva. Ngokuchasene noko, imvakalelo iyazisasaza kuyo yonke inkqubo yovuselelo yokuzithandela, ukuze iingxelo eziza kuvela kwindalo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yovalo oluzenzekelayo zinokuhambisa izinto ezibonisiweyo ezenziwayo kwimvakalelo, nto leyo ke eneemvakalelo, kwaye ukuze umnqweno ngokuziva uphendule. ngamazwi okanye isenzo somzimba kwiimpawu zendalo.

Ukufundiswa ngokuzimeleyo yenye yezinto ezenze ukuba bakhohlise kwaye kukhokelele ekuziva kuka-Doer oqondayo kunye no-opharetha emzimbeni ukuba abonwe ngumzimba kunye neemvakalelo zomzimba. Obu bungqina bokuba ukuziva ayisiyongqondo. Imvakalelo yile oko kuvakalayo; iyaziva ukuba ingubani na, kodwa iye yazivumela ukuba ibe likhoboka lomzimba wenyama, kwaye nangokukwanjalo.

Kodwa kuthekani 'ngomphefumlo,' ongaqondakaliyo, osele ucinga nokubhalwa uze ufundwe kangangeminyaka engamawaka amabini? Imivimbo embalwa yosiba ayinakwenza nto ngegama elithi umphefumlo uye wonyusa impucuko enzulwini kwaye wabangela iinguqu kuwo onke amasebe obomi babantu.

Ukanti ikho into eqinisekileyo igama elithi “umphefumlo” elimiyo. Ngaphandle kwaloo nto akunakubakho nto yomzimba womntu, akunobudlelwane phakathi kokwenziwa kokwazi kweMvelo kunye nemvelo yomzimba womntu; akunakubakho nkqubela phambili kwindalo kwaye akukho kukhululwa kuMenzi ngokwakhe kwaye kwinto kunye nomzimba womntu ekufeni komntu rhoqo.

Ilungelo lokushicilela 1980 ngu The Word Foundation, Inc.