INDODA NOMFAZI NOMNTWANA

UHarold W. Percival

INXALENYE IV

IIMILESTONES KWENDLELA EBALULEKILEYO YOKUGCINWA KWEEMPAWU

Ubukhoboka okanye Inkululeko?

UWebster uthi ubukhoboka: ubukhoboka. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo kunye nokudinwa. ”Kwaye ikhoboka lithi:“ Umntu obanjwe ebukhobokeni. Umntu ophulukene nokuzibamba, i-vice, inkanuko, njl. Njl.

Ngokucacileyo, ubukhoboka boluntu ngumbuso okanye imeko apho umntu anyanzelwe ukuba aphile ebukhobokeni kwinkosi nakwindalo yakhe, ekufuneka ethobele iimfuno zenkosi kunye nendalo, engakhathalelanga ekukhetheni kwakhe ukuba uza kwenza ntoni okanye ungenzi.

Inkululeko yegama, njengoko isetyenziswe kule ncwadi, yimeko okanye imeko yokuzinqwenela komnqweno kunye nokuziva njenge-Doer eyaziweyo emzimbeni xa sele izikhulule kwindalo kwaye ihlala ingafakwanga. Inkululeko yile: Ukwenza kwaye wenze kwaye wenze kwaye unakho, ngaphandle kokuncamathisela kuyo nayiphi na into okanye into yeempawu ezine. Oko kuthetha ukuba, loo nto ayiqhotyoshelwanga kwingcinga kuyo nayiphi na into okanye into yendalo, kwaye loo nto ayinakuzibandakanya nantoni na. Ukuqhotyoshelwa kuthetha ukubanjwa. Ukuvalelwa ngabom kuthetha ukukhululeka kubukhoboka.

Ubukhoboka bomntu buchaphazela ngokukodwa ukuzazi emzimbeni. Isazi esikhuthazayo siyabongozwa kwaye sibambelele nkqu nakutyekelo lwaso ukuyekelela kwiminqweno yenkanuko, iinkanuko kunye neenkanuko zokuziswa kobunjani bomzimba eboshwe kuwo. Endaweni yokuba yinkosi yomzimba, isiqu sinokuba likhoboka lotywala, iziyobisi, icuba, njengoko lisoloko likhoboka lesini.

Obu bukhoboka kukuziqonda emzimbeni we 'ndoda ekhululekileyo,' nakwilungu lekhoboka elinomniniyo. Ke kufuneka iqhubeke de umntu azi ukuba ayinguwo umzimba lowo ulikhoboka. Nangona, ngokufumana nokuzikhulula kubukhoboka bomzimba umntu uya kuthi ngaloo ndlela awufihle umzimba aze abe mkhulu kunamadoda afundileyo nabalawuli behlabathi.

Kumaxesha amandulo xa umlawuli wabantu wayenqwenela ukohlulela omnye umlawuli wayeya kukhokela imikhosi yakhe ukuya edabini komnye ummandla. Kwaye ukuba uphumelele unakho ukurhola irhatya eyoyisiweyo kumavili eenqwelo zokulwa ukuba uthanda.

Imbali isixelela ukuba uAlexander omkhulu ngoyena mzekelo ubalaseleyo owoyisayo wehlabathi. Wazalwa 356 BC, wafumana amandla kulo lonke iGrisi; woyisa iTire neGaza; wabekwa isithsaba etroneni yaseYiputa, njengoFaro; waseka iAlexandria; atshabalalise amandla amaPersi; woyisa uPorus eIndiya; emva koko wemka eIndiya waya ePersi. Njengoko ukufa kwakusondele wacela uRoxane, umfazi wakhe amthandayo, ukuba amntywilisele ngokufihlakeleyo emlanjeni ongumEfrate ukuze abantu bakholwe, ngokusuka kwakhe, ukuba unguThixo, njengoko wayetshilo, kwaye ubuyile kugqatso loThixo. URoxane wenqaba. Waswelelela eBhabheli, uloyiso lwehlabathi eneminyaka eyi-33. Ngaphambi nje kokuba asweleke, xa ebuzwa ukuba uza kumshiya ngubani na, wayephendula kuphela esithi: “Kwabomeleleyo.” Wafa ebukhobokeni kwizifiso zakhe-ikhoboka lokutya kunye nemvakalelo egwenxa. Iminqweno. UAlexander woyisa izikumkani zomhlaba, kodwa yena woyiswa bubunyulu bakhe.

Kodwa, njengo-Alexander njengomzekelo obonakalayo, kutheni kwaye umntu wenziwa njani ukuba abe likhoboka lendalo ngokwemvakalelo yakhe kunye neminqweno yakhe? Ukuqonda oko, kuyimfuneko ukubona ukuba indawo uziva-kunye nomnqweno ikwimizimba yenyama, kwaye njani, ngokwenza kwayo, ilawulwa kwaye ikhoboka ngendalo. Oku kuya kubonakala kunxulumene nomzimba wenyama ukuya kwiimvakalelo zakhe kunye neminqweno ngaphakathi komzimba.

Obu budlelwane-nokuphinda-phinda ngokufutshane-buqhutywa ngendalo ngenkqubo ye-neva engasebenziyo, kunye nokuziqonda ngenkqubo yemithambo yokuzithandela, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Iimpawu ziingcambu zendalo ekwimo yokuphefumla, ngaphambili indawo yomzimba imvakalelo-kunye-nomnqweno wokuzithemba, kunye nengqondo yomzimba, imvakalelo-kunye nomnqweno-wengqondo, ubekwe kwindawo esemva; la macandelo mabini e-pituitary adibanisa izikhululo eziphambili zendalo kunye nokuzazi; Ingqondo yomzimba ayinakho ukucinga okanye ukuba nemvakalelo-kunye nomnqweno; Kuya kufuneka, ke ngoko, ukutsho, ukusuka kwinxalenye engasemva iye kwicala elingaphambili lendawo yokucinga ukuba icinge ngeemvakalelo zendalo ekwimo yokuphefumla; kwaye ukucinga ukuba kufuneka kube nokuKhanya kweConscious.

The iimvakalelo iimvakalelo, njengemvakalelo, zithwelwe kwindalo. Iindlela zendalo ziifom zohlobo lwezilwanyana kunye neefom zezityalo kwindalo. Baxhaswe nguMnyango emva kokuba beswelekile, xa beshenxisa okwethutyana iifom zabo zokunqwenela; Ibathatha kwakhona ngexesha lokukhula kwesibeleko esilandelayo, kwaye isebenza nabo emva kokungena kumzimba omtsha ngexesha lobutsha kunye nokukhula komzimba. Iingcamango zomntu ngexesha lobomi zigcina iifom zendalo ngokucinga.

Amagama aziva kunye neminqweno, ikhoboka, inkululeko kunye nenkululeko, apha zinikwa iinkcazo kunye neentsingiselo ezichazayo ngakumbi kunakwizichazi magama. Apha, uvakalelo-kunye-nomnqweno lubonakalisiwe. Ungu imvakalelo-kunye-nomnqweno. Xa wena, njengemvakalelo-kunye-neminqweno, uyeka umzimba, umzimba ufile, kodwa nina izakuqhubeka nemimandla yasemva kokubhubha, kwaye ibuyele emhlabeni iyokuthatha omnye umzimba womntu oya kube ulungiselelwe wena, imvakalelo yokuzibandakanya ngokwakho. Kodwa ngelixa usemzimbeni wenyama awukhululekanga; ulikhoboka lomzimba. Ubotshelelwe kwindalo ziimvakalelo kunye neminqweno kunye neenkanuko ezomeleleyo kunamakhonkco asoloko ebopha ikhoboka lekhoboka njengekhoboka lokuncokola kwinkosi ayisebenzeleyo. Ikhoboka lokuthetha lalisazi ukuba likhoboka. Kodwa ulikhoboka elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kozimiseleyo ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba ulikhoboka.

Ke ngoko ukwimeko embi ngakumbi kunokuba bekukho ikhoboka. Nangona wayesazi ukuba ayisiyiyo inkosi, awusohluleki emzimbeni wenyama owakhoboka. Kodwa, kwelinye icala, ukwimeko elunge ngakumbi kunekhoboka, kuba wayengenakuzikhulula kubukhoboka benkosi yakhe. Kodwa ke likho ithemba ngawe, kuba ukuba unganakohlulahlula emzimbeni kunye neempawu zalo, ngokucinga. Ngokucinga unokuqonda ukuba ucinga, kunye nokuba umzimba awucingi kwaye awukwazi ukucinga. Inqaku lokuqala. Emva koko unokuqonda ukuba umzimba awunakwenza nantoni na ngaphandle kwakho, kwaye kukunyanzela ukuba uthobele iimfuno zawo njengoko kuchaziwe ziimvakalelo kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Kwaye ngokubhekele phaya, ukuba uxakeke kakhulu kwaye uchukumisekile kukucinga ngezinto ezivuselelayo kunye nezifundo ongazihlukanisi zona njengemvakalelo-yomnqweno, kwaye njengokwahlukileyo kwimvakalelo yeemvakalelo kunye neminqweno yento ethile okanye yeethowuni.

Iimvakalelo kunye neminqweno ayizizo iimvakalelo. Iimvakalelo azikho iimvakalelo kunye neminqweno. Yintoni umahluko? Iimvakalelo kunye neminqweno zizandiso ezivela kwiimvakalelo-umnqweno kwizintso kunye ne-adrenals kwi-nerves kunye negazi apho zidibana nefuthe leyunithi yendalo eza ngokusebenzisa iimvakalelo. Apho iiyunithi zinxibelelana neemvakalelo kunye neminqweno kwiiseli kunye negazi, iyunithi ziyimvakalelo.

Ubukhoboka boluntu ibiliziko ukusuka ngexesha lesikhumbuzo. Oko kukuthi, abantu banepropathi yempahla yabo kunye nemiphefumlo yabanye abantu-ngokubanjwa, ngemfazwe, ngokuthenga okanye ngamalungelo esiko-kuwo onke amabakala oluntu, ukusuka kubharbhari kwinzala yempucuko. Ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamakhoboka kwaqhutywa njengomcimbi, ngaphandle kombuzo okanye imbambano. Kude kube ngekhulu le-17th abantu abambalwa, ababizwa ngokuba ngabaphelisi, esidlangalaleni baqala ukuyigweba. Ke inani labaphelisi landa kwaye ke kunye nemisebenzi yabo kunye nokugwetywa kobukhoboka kunye nokuthengiswa kwamakhoboka. Kwi-1787 abolitionists eNgilani bafumana inkokeli yokwenyani kunye nephefumlelweyo eWilliam Wilberforce. Ngexesha le-20 iminyaka wayelwela ukucinezelwa korhwebo lwamakhoboka, nasemva koko kwenkululeko yamakhoboka. Kwi-1833 i-Emancipation Act yenziwa. IPalamente yase-Bhritane yaze yaphelisa ubukhoboka kubo bonke uBukhosi baseBritane. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesibini kamva, e-United States, i-The Emancipation Act yakhululela amakhoboka yabhengezwa ngexesha leMfazwe yamakhaya kwaye yaba yinto eyiyo kwi-1865.

Kodwa ukukhululeka kubunini kunye nobukhoboka bemizimba kukuphela kwenkululeko yomntu yokwenene. Ngoku kufuneka sijongane nento eyoyikisayo yokuba abantu abaziyo ngemizimba yabantu bangamakhoboka emizimba yabo. Umntu oqondayo ubandakanyiwe, unobukrelekrele, ngaphaya kwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ulikhoboka. Ngapha koko ulikhoboka elizinikeleyo emzimbeni kangangokuba uzichaza njengomzimba.

Umntu ozaziyo emzimbeni wakhe uthetha njengegama lomzimba wakhe, kwaye omnye uyaziwa kwaye uchongwa ngelo gama. Ukusukela xa umzimba sele umdala ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungakhathalelwa, omnye uyawusebenzela, uwondla, uwucoca, uyambathisa, uyawuqeqesha, uwenza unothisa ubomi bakhe bonke; kwaye xa kuphela isiphelo somzimba lowo ubushiya umzimba, igama lelo mzimba liqingqiweyo kwilitye eliyintloko okanye engcwabeni elimiswe engcwabeni. Kodwa ukwazi okungaziwayo kuwe, emva koko kuya kuthiwa ngumzimba esengcwabeni.

Thina, abazaziyo, siye saphila kwakhona kwimizimba kuyo yonke le minyaka, kwaye saphupha ngathi yimizimba esasiphupha kuyo emva koko. Lixesha lokuba sazi ukuba singamakhoboka emizimba yethu esiyiphuphayo, evukayo okanye eleleyo. Njengoko amakhoboka ayesazi ukuba amakhoboka afuna inkululeko, ngokunjalo nathi, amakhoboka ayazi ngemizimba yethu, kufuneka sikulumkele ukubukhoboka kunye nenkululeko yenkululeko, yemizimba yethu yeenkosi zethu.

Eli lixesha lokucinga kunye nokusebenzela ukukhululwa kwethu ngenene; yenkululeko yomntu ngamnye yokuziqonda kwimizimba esiphila kuyo, ukuze kuthi ngokwazi kwethu njengoMnyango sakuba sitshintshile sayiguqula imizimba yethu yaba yimizimba enamandla angaphezu kwawomntu. Lixesha lokuba umntu ngamnye aziqonde ukuba nyhani emva kobomi emva kweminyaka edlulileyo: umnqweno-wokuziva emzimbeni wesidoda, okanye, umvakalelo-mnqweno emzimbeni wabasetyhini.

Masizibuze: “Buphi obu bomi?” Impendulo yile: Wena, mna, besi, kwaye siziva kwaye sinomnqweno-wokuphupha ngathi kwindalo. Ubomi yinto leyo, kwaye akukho nto ingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi koko. Ngoku singangqina kwaye sithathe isigqibo sokuba siya kuzabalazela ngenkuthalo ukuzifumana nokuzazisa ngaphakathi kwimizimba yethu, kwaye sizikhulule kubukhoboka bemizimba yethu.

Ngoku sisiqalo soKhululo lwenene-ukukhululwa komntu oziva emzimbeni womntu, engazi ukuba likhoboka lomzimba wesini inkosi yalo. Obu bukhoboka babudala buye baqhubeka ukusukela kwimihla ka-Adam wasentsomini, xa umntu ngamnye ozaziyo ngoku emzimbeni womntu waba, okokuqala, uAdam, kwaza kwakho uAdam noEva. (Bona Icandelo V, "Ibali lika-Adam no-Eva.") Umtshato liziko lakudala kwihlabathi. Mdala kangangokuba abantu bathi kuyinto yendalo, kodwa loo nto ayenzi ilungile kwaye ifanelekile. Ikhoboka liyazenza likhoboka. Kodwa loo nto yenzekile kwakudala kwaye iyalibala. Isibhalo sicatshulwe ukungqina ukuba ichanekile kwaye ichanekile. Kwaye kubhaliwe ezincwadini zomthetho kwaye kugwetyelwe kuyo yonke imithetho yenkundla yomhlaba.

Baninzi abaya kuthi baqonde ukuba le nto yokuzinikela ilungile. Aba iya kuba ngabaphengululi abatsha abaya kugxeka isenzo kwaye bazame ukuphelisa ubukhoboka. Kodwa amanani amakhulu aya kuthi kuwo onke amathuba ahlekise ngengqondo kwaye anike ubungqina obude bokuthi akukho nto inokuzincama; ukuba uluntu lubunjwe yimizimba yamadoda neyabhinqileyo; ukuba ubukhoboka bokwenyani buyinyani kumazwe athuthukileyo; ke obo bunju, ukuba bubudenge, ukuba umntu adlulise ingqondo.

Nangona kunjalo, kulindelekile ukuba abanye babone kwaye baqonde iinyani malunga nokuzinikela kubomi kwaye babandakanyeke ekuxeleni malunga nayo kwaye basebenzele ukuzikhulula kwimizimba yethu yezesondo apho onke amakhoboka. Ke ngokuthe ngcembe nangexesha elifanelekileyo izibakala ziya kubonakala kwaye umxholo uya kujongana nawo ukuze kulunge lonke uluntu. Ukuba asifundanga ukuzazi kule mpucuko, iya kutshatyalaliswa. Ke ithuba lolwazi lokuzazi luyekisiwe kuyo yonke impucuko eyadlulayo. Kwaye thina, iziqu zethu ezisazi kakuhle kuya kufuneka zilindele ukuza kwempucuko yexesha elizayo ukuze sifezekise ulwazi lwakho

Ilungelo lokushicilela 1979 ngu The Word Foundation, Inc.